During the historical period, Tianshan North Road was mainly a nomadic area. In the Han Dynasty, in order to meet the needs of the Silk Road trade, a city was built there and developed significantly in the Tang Dynasty. However, after the changes in the Liao, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, to the Junggar period, the city of Tianshan North Road was almost obliterated. After the Qing government unified Xinjiang, in the past 20 years, the city of Tianshan North Road has risen rapidly, and formed two urban agglomerations of Yili and Urumqi. This article intends to discuss the historical evolutionary process of Tianshan North Road city and the reasons for the rise of the city in the Qing Dynasty.